Mughal samrajya India India - The Mughal Empire, 1526–1850.
Bharat me mughal rajvansh ek mahan shasako me se ek tha .
mughlo ne hazaaro lakho logo par rajya kiya Bharat ek niyam ke tahat ekatra ho gaya or yaha vibhinna prakar ki sanskratikor rajnitik samay avdhi mughal shaasan ke douran dekhi gai .
pure Bharat me anek muslim or Hindu rajvash tute or uske baad mughal sansthapak yahaa aaye .
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| mughal kaslin |
kuch aise log hue hai.
jaise
baabar -jo mahaan asiaai vijeta Temur lang ka pota .
changej khan - jo ganga ghati ke uttri kshetra se aaya tha,jisne Khaibar pr kabza kiya or ant me Pure Bharat par .
Baabar 1526 -1530-
ye Temur lang or changejkhan ka poutra tha,Bharat me pehla mughal shasak tha.
usne panipat ke pratham yudh me 1526 me lodhi ko haraya tha .
is prakar aakhir me mughal rajvansh sthapna hui .
Baabar ne 1530 tak shasan kiya or uske baad uska baita Humaayu gaddi par baitha .
Humayu 1530-1540-
Baabar ka sabse bad ladka Humayu tha .
jisne apne pita ke baad Mughal rajvansh ke dusre samrat ke rup me rajya kiya .
usne lagbhag 1 dashak tak rajya kiya . lekin usko ek afgani Sher shah suri ne haraya .
Humayu apni haar ke baad , 15 saal tak bhatkata raha .
is bich Sher shah suri ki mout ho gai.
or Humayu uske uttarvarti Sikandar suri ko harane me kaamyab ho gaya or doubaara Hindustan ka rajya paa liya .
lekin keval 48 saal ki umra me hi uski mout ho gai.
a
Sher shah suri 1540 -1545 -
ye ek afgaani naita tha .
jisne 1540 a.d. me Humayu ko haraya tha .
Sher shah ne 5 saal tak Delhi par rajy kiya .
vo is upmahadvip me apne kshetra ko sthai nahi kar paaya .
ek raja ke najriye se uske khate me uplabdhiya bahut hai .
uske daksha lok prashasan ki sthapna ki.
uske lok kary uske bhumi maap ke adhar par tex vasulne ki prnaali banai .
uske rajy me logo ko insaaf milta tha.
anek lokkary uske kam samay ke karykal me hur.
jaise ki ped lagana , yaatriyo ke liye kue or saraai nirman usike shasankaal me Delhi se kaabul tak grand trunk road ko banaya gaya .
mudra badakar silver coin ko banwaya .
Sher shah rajgaddi par jyada din tak jeevit nahi rah sakaa ,5 saal ke baad uski mout ho gai.
Akbar 1556- 1605-
Humayu ke putr akbar ka janm uske nirvasan ke douran ho gaya tha.
or keval 13 saal ki umra me uske pita ki mout ho gai thi.
Akbar ko Itihas me ek pramukh jagah mili hai.
vo ekmatr aisa shasak tha ,jisne Mughal samrajy ko shaktishali banaya .
lagatar vijay paane ke baad usne Bharat ke adhikash hisso par apna kabza jama liya .
jo hisse uske shasan me nahi aate unko sahayak bhag ghoshit kar diya .
usne Rajputo ke prati udarvadi neeti apnai or unke khatro ko kam kiya .
Akbar ek mahan vijeta hi nahi , balki ek saksham sangthan karta ,ek mahan shasak bhi tha.
usne aise sansthano ki sthapna ki ,jo ek prashasnik pranali ki neev shidha hui.
jisko Brtish kaal me bhi pracharit kiya jata tha.
Akbar ke shasankal me gair muslimo ke prati udarvadi nitiya ,uske dharmik navachar ,bhumi rajsva or uski man sabdari pratha Mughal sainy sangthan or nagrik prashasan ka adhar bani .
Akbar ki mout uske raja banane ke 50 saal baad hui thi.
or usko sikandrabaad me agra ke bahar dafnaya gaya.
tb uske ladke Jahagir ne rajya samhala .
Jahagir -
Akbar ke baad uske baite Salim ne rajya samhala ,jisko Jahagir ki upadhi mili ,jiska arth hota hai" duniya ka vijeta " USNE MEhar un nisa se nikah kiya tha ,jise usne Nurjaha ka naam diya .
vo usse bahut prem karta tha.or usne prashasan ki bagdor Nurjaha ko soup di .
usne kanda or kishwar ke alava apne rajya ka vistar kiya or Mughal samrajy me bangal ko bhi mila liya.
Jahagirke andar apne pita ke jaisi rajnitik udhham shilta ki kami thi .
lekin vo imandar or shahanshil tha .
usne samaj sudhar ke kai kaam kiye ,or Hindu,isaaiyo or jyus ke prati udar tha.
jabki sikhho ke prati sambandha kharab the.
or das guruo me se 5th Arjundev ko Jahagir ne mout ke ghat utar diya .
jin par ye arop tha,ki unhone Jahagir ke bagawati baite khusru ki sahayat ki.
Jahagir ke shasankaal me kalaa ,saahitya ,or vaastu kalaa badi .
or Shree nagar me banaya gaya Mughal garden . uski kalaatmak abhiruchi ka ek sthai prmaan hai. uski mout 1627a.d. me hui thi.
shajahaa -
Jahagir ke baad uske duste ladke khurram ne 1628a.d. me rajy samhala .
khurram ne shajahaa ka naam vigrah kiya jiska arth hai "duniya ka raja" .
usne uttar disha me kandhar tak apne rajya ka vistar kiya ,or dkashin Bharat ka adhikansh bhag jit liya .
shahjahaa ka karykaal uchh shikhar par tha.
is avdhi me Mughal shasan ki kalaao or sanskrati ke anokhe vikas ko dekhne ka avsar mila , Shahjahaa ko vaastukalaa ka raja kaha jata hai.
Laal kila , jama masjid Delhi me sthit ye dono imaarate civil abhiyantrikee or kalaa ki uplabdhi ke rup me hai .
in sab ke alava Sahjahaa ko aj Tajmahal ke liye yaad kiya jata hai.
usne apni priya patni ke liye mumtaj mahal safed sanarmar se banaya gaya tha.
ourangjaib-
ojrangjaib ne 1658 m3 shasan samhala or 1707 tak rajy kiya jo Akbar ke barabar tha.
lekin durbhagy se apne 5 baito ko ko shahi darbaar se door rakha,
iska natiza ye hua ,ki unme se kisi ko bhi sarkar chalane ki kalaa ka prashikshan nahi mila isse aage chalkar iska nuksan uthana pada .
apne 50 saalo ke shasankaal me ourangjaib ne is pure upmahadwip ko ek sath ek shasan laane ka prayaas kiya .
usne kathin parishram kiya .lekin akhiree me uski tabiyat bigadti chali gai
or usnki 1707 a.d. me 90 saal ki umra me uski mout ho gai .
uske sath hi vighatan taaqate uth khadi hui or shaktishali Mughal samrajy ka patan shuru ho gaya .
Mughal samrajya ka patan -
Mughal shasan ka patan 1707 me ourangjaib ki mout ke baad shuru ho gaya tha .
uska putra or uttradhikari bahadurshah jafar pehle hi budhe ho gaye the.
,jab ve singhasan par baithe or unhe ek ke baad ek bagawato ka samna karna pada us samay samrajy ke saamne Maratho or british ko or se chunotiya mil rahi thi . Mughal samrajy ki jade kamjor ho gai thi.
iran ke nadir shah ne 1850 me Delhi par hamla kar diya . uske baad dheere dheere mughal samrajy maano tut kar bokhar gaya or Delhi ke aas pass ek chhote se jila bankar rahgaya .
pheer bhi unhone apna rajy1850 tak kuchh hisso banaye rakha.
or usko sikandrabaad me agra ke bahar dafnaya gaya.
tb uske ladke Jahagir ne rajya samhala .
Jahagir -
Akbar ke baad uske baite Salim ne rajya samhala ,jisko Jahagir ki upadhi mili ,jiska arth hota hai" duniya ka vijeta " USNE MEhar un nisa se nikah kiya tha ,jise usne Nurjaha ka naam diya .
vo usse bahut prem karta tha.or usne prashasan ki bagdor Nurjaha ko soup di .
usne kanda or kishwar ke alava apne rajya ka vistar kiya or Mughal samrajy me bangal ko bhi mila liya.
Jahagirke andar apne pita ke jaisi rajnitik udhham shilta ki kami thi .
lekin vo imandar or shahanshil tha .
usne samaj sudhar ke kai kaam kiye ,or Hindu,isaaiyo or jyus ke prati udar tha.
jabki sikhho ke prati sambandha kharab the.
or das guruo me se 5th Arjundev ko Jahagir ne mout ke ghat utar diya .
jin par ye arop tha,ki unhone Jahagir ke bagawati baite khusru ki sahayat ki.
Jahagir ke shasankaal me kalaa ,saahitya ,or vaastu kalaa badi .
or Shree nagar me banaya gaya Mughal garden . uski kalaatmak abhiruchi ka ek sthai prmaan hai. uski mout 1627a.d. me hui thi.
shajahaa -
Jahagir ke baad uske duste ladke khurram ne 1628a.d. me rajy samhala .
khurram ne shajahaa ka naam vigrah kiya jiska arth hai "duniya ka raja" .
usne uttar disha me kandhar tak apne rajya ka vistar kiya ,or dkashin Bharat ka adhikansh bhag jit liya .
shahjahaa ka karykaal uchh shikhar par tha.
is avdhi me Mughal shasan ki kalaao or sanskrati ke anokhe vikas ko dekhne ka avsar mila , Shahjahaa ko vaastukalaa ka raja kaha jata hai.
Laal kila , jama masjid Delhi me sthit ye dono imaarate civil abhiyantrikee or kalaa ki uplabdhi ke rup me hai .
in sab ke alava Sahjahaa ko aj Tajmahal ke liye yaad kiya jata hai.
usne apni priya patni ke liye mumtaj mahal safed sanarmar se banaya gaya tha.
ourangjaib-
ojrangjaib ne 1658 m3 shasan samhala or 1707 tak rajy kiya jo Akbar ke barabar tha.
lekin durbhagy se apne 5 baito ko ko shahi darbaar se door rakha,
iska natiza ye hua ,ki unme se kisi ko bhi sarkar chalane ki kalaa ka prashikshan nahi mila isse aage chalkar iska nuksan uthana pada .
apne 50 saalo ke shasankaal me ourangjaib ne is pure upmahadwip ko ek sath ek shasan laane ka prayaas kiya .
usne kathin parishram kiya .lekin akhiree me uski tabiyat bigadti chali gai
or usnki 1707 a.d. me 90 saal ki umra me uski mout ho gai .
uske sath hi vighatan taaqate uth khadi hui or shaktishali Mughal samrajy ka patan shuru ho gaya .
Mughal samrajya ka patan -
Mughal shasan ka patan 1707 me ourangjaib ki mout ke baad shuru ho gaya tha .
uska putra or uttradhikari bahadurshah jafar pehle hi budhe ho gaye the.
,jab ve singhasan par baithe or unhe ek ke baad ek bagawato ka samna karna pada us samay samrajy ke saamne Maratho or british ko or se chunotiya mil rahi thi . Mughal samrajy ki jade kamjor ho gai thi.
o
iran ke nadir shah ne 1850 me Delhi par hamla kar diya . uske baad dheere dheere mughal samrajy maano tut kar bokhar gaya or Delhi ke aas pass ek chhote se jila bankar rahgaya .
pheer bhi unhone apna rajy1850 tak kuchh hisso banaye rakha.
