Mughal samrajya India India - The Mughal Empire, 1526–1850

Mughal samrajya  India India - The Mughal Empire, 1526–1850.

Bharat me mughal rajvansh ek mahan shasako me se ek tha .

mughlo ne hazaaro lakho logo par rajya kiya Bharat  ek niyam ke tahat ekatra ho gaya or yaha  vibhinna prakar ki sanskratikor rajnitik samay avdhi mughal shaasan ke douran dekhi gai .

pure Bharat me anek muslim or Hindu rajvash tute  or uske baad mughal sansthapak yahaa aaye .

mughal kaslin 

kuch aise log hue hai.

jaise 

baabar -jo mahaan asiaai vijeta Temur lang  ka pota .

changej khan - jo ganga ghati ke uttri kshetra se aaya tha,jisne Khaibar pr kabza kiya or ant me Pure Bharat par .

Baabar 1526 -1530- 

 ye Temur lang or  changejkhan ka  poutra tha,Bharat me  pehla mughal shasak tha.

usne panipat ke pratham yudh me 1526 me lodhi ko haraya tha .

is  prakar aakhir me mughal rajvansh   sthapna hui .

Baabar ne 1530  tak shasan kiya or uske baad uska baita Humaayu gaddi par baitha .

Humayu 1530-1540-

 Baabar ka sabse bad ladka Humayu tha .

jisne apne pita ke baad  Mughal rajvansh ke dusre  samrat ke rup me rajya kiya  .

usne lagbhag 1 dashak tak rajya kiya . lekin usko ek afgani  Sher shah suri ne haraya  .

Humayu apni haar ke baad  , 15 saal tak bhatkata raha .

is bich Sher shah suri ki mout ho gai.

or Humayu uske uttarvarti Sikandar suri ko harane me kaamyab ho gaya or doubaara Hindustan ka rajya  paa liya .

lekin  keval 48 saal ki umra me hi uski mout ho gai.

a

Sher shah  suri 1540 -1545 - 

ye ek afgaani naita tha .

jisne 1540 a.d. me Humayu ko haraya tha .

Sher shah ne 5 saal tak Delhi par rajy kiya  .

 vo is upmahadvip me apne kshetra ko sthai nahi kar paaya .

ek raja ke najriye se uske khate me  uplabdhiya bahut hai .

 uske  daksha  lok prashasan ki  sthapna ki.

uske lok kary uske bhumi maap ke adhar par tex vasulne ki prnaali banai .

uske rajy me logo ko insaaf milta tha.

anek lokkary uske kam samay ke karykal me hur.

jaise ki ped lagana , yaatriyo ke liye kue or saraai nirman  usike shasankaal me Delhi se kaabul tak  grand trunk road ko banaya gaya .

 mudra badakar  silver coin  ko banwaya .

Sher shah rajgaddi par jyada din tak jeevit nahi rah sakaa ,5 saal ke baad uski mout ho gai.

Akbar 1556- 1605-

Humayu ke putr akbar ka janm  uske nirvasan ke douran ho gaya tha.

or keval 13 saal ki umra me uske pita ki mout ho gai thi.

Akbar ko Itihas me ek pramukh jagah mili hai.

vo ekmatr aisa shasak tha ,jisne Mughal samrajy ko shaktishali banaya .

lagatar vijay paane ke baad usne Bharat ke adhikash hisso par apna kabza jama liya .

jo hisse uske shasan me nahi aate unko sahayak  bhag ghoshit kar diya .

usne Rajputo ke prati udarvadi neeti apnai or unke khatro ko kam kiya .

Akbar ek mahan vijeta hi nahi  , balki ek saksham sangthan karta ,ek mahan shasak bhi tha.

usne aise sansthano ki sthapna ki ,jo ek prashasnik pranali ki neev shidha hui.

jisko Brtish kaal me bhi pracharit kiya jata  tha.

Akbar ke shasankal me  gair muslimo ke prati udarvadi nitiya ,uske dharmik  navachar ,bhumi rajsva or uski man sabdari  pratha  Mughal sainy sangthan or nagrik  prashasan ka adhar bani .

Akbar ki mout uske raja banane ke 50 saal baad hui thi.
or usko sikandrabaad me agra ke bahar dafnaya gaya.
 tb uske ladke Jahagir ne rajya samhala .




Jahagir -
Akbar ke baad uske baite Salim ne rajya samhala ,jisko Jahagir ki upadhi mili  ,jiska arth hota hai" duniya ka vijeta " USNE MEhar un nisa se nikah kiya tha ,jise usne Nurjaha ka naam diya  .


vo usse bahut prem karta tha.or usne prashasan ki bagdor Nurjaha ko soup di .


usne kanda or kishwar ke alava apne rajya ka vistar kiya  or Mughal samrajy me bangal ko bhi mila liya.






Jahagirke andar apne pita ke jaisi rajnitik udhham shilta ki kami thi .
lekin vo imandar or shahanshil tha .


usne samaj sudhar ke kai kaam kiye ,or Hindu,isaaiyo  or jyus ke prati udar tha.


jabki sikhho ke prati sambandha kharab the.


or das guruo me se 5th Arjundev ko Jahagir ne mout ke ghat utar diya .
jin par ye arop tha,ki unhone  Jahagir ke bagawati baite khusru ki sahayat ki.




Jahagir ke shasankaal me kalaa ,saahitya ,or vaastu kalaa  badi .
or Shree nagar me banaya gaya Mughal garden  . uski kalaatmak  abhiruchi ka ek sthai  prmaan hai. uski mout 1627a.d. me hui thi.



shajahaa -
Jahagir ke baad uske duste ladke khurram ne 1628a.d. me rajy samhala  .
khurram ne shajahaa ka  naam  vigrah  kiya jiska arth hai "duniya ka raja" .



usne uttar disha me kandhar tak apne rajya ka vistar kiya ,or dkashin Bharat ka adhikansh  bhag jit liya .



shahjahaa ka karykaal uchh shikhar par tha.

is avdhi me Mughal shasan ki kalaao or sanskrati ke anokhe vikas ko dekhne ka avsar mila , Shahjahaa ko vaastukalaa ka raja kaha jata hai.
Laal kila , jama masjid  Delhi me sthit ye dono imaarate civil abhiyantrikee or kalaa ki  uplabdhi ke rup me hai .




in sab ke alava Sahjahaa ko aj  Tajmahal ke liye  yaad kiya jata hai.
usne apni priya  patni ke liye mumtaj mahal  safed sanarmar  se banaya gaya tha.



ourangjaib-
ojrangjaib ne 1658 m3 shasan  samhala or 1707 tak rajy kiya jo Akbar ke barabar tha.

lekin durbhagy se apne 5 baito ko  ko shahi darbaar se door rakha,
iska natiza ye hua ,ki unme se kisi ko bhi sarkar chalane ki kalaa ka prashikshan  nahi mila  isse aage chalkar  iska nuksan uthana pada  .

apne 50 saalo ke shasankaal me ourangjaib  ne is pure upmahadwip ko ek sath ek shasan  laane ka prayaas kiya   .
usne kathin parishram kiya  .lekin akhiree  me uski  tabiyat bigadti chali gai
or   usnki 1707 a.d. me 90 saal ki umra me uski mout ho gai .
uske sath hi vighatan taaqate uth khadi hui  or shaktishali Mughal samrajy ka patan shuru ho gaya .



Mughal samrajya ka patan -
Mughal shasan ka patan 1707 me ourangjaib ki mout  ke baad shuru ho gaya tha .
uska putra  or uttradhikari bahadurshah jafar pehle hi budhe ho gaye the.
,jab ve singhasan par baithe or unhe ek ke baad  ek bagawato ka samna karna pada  us samay samrajy ke saamne Maratho or british ko or se chunotiya mil rahi thi . Mughal samrajy ki  jade kamjor  ho gai thi.

o

iran ke nadir shah ne 1850 me Delhi par hamla kar diya . uske baad  dheere dheere mughal samrajy  maano tut kar bokhar gaya  or Delhi ke aas pass ek chhote se jila bankar rahgaya  .


pheer bhi  unhone apna rajy1850 tak kuchh hisso banaye rakha.

ye rajshahi  samrajy bahdur shah jafar ke bad khatm ho gaya  or bahadur shah jafar ki mout 1862 me hui thi    jiske Bharat ka  madhy kalin itihas bhi khatm ho gaya  .

iske baad british shasan shuru hona shuru ho gaya 

kya hai sufivaad, sufivaad ke karyसूफी मत - सूफी विचारधारा (Sufism in Hindi)

kya hai sufivaad.

sufivaad

 Pad ,ali  Sufi ,darvesh,fakir ka upyog muslim santo ke liye kiya  jata hai .

jinhone  apni purvabhasi  shaktiyo ko badaane ke liye Vairagya apna kar sampurnta ki or jaakr ,tyag  or atmaswikar le maadhyam se prayash kiya .

12 shatabdi a.d. tak Sufivaad islami  ,samajik  jivan sarvbhomik paksha ka maadhyam ban gaya  ,kyoki  ye pure islamik  samuday me fail chuka tha.

  

Sufivaad islam dharmke  andruni ya gud paksha ko ya islam dharm ki rahshya mai aayam ka pratinidheetva karta hai.

jabki Sufi santo ne sabhib dharmo or samudayo ke  bhedbhavo se aage badkar vishal maanavta ke hit ke protsaahan ka kary kiya .

Sufi sant darshaniko ka aisa varg tha, jo apni dharmik vichardhara le liye  prashidha raha.

Sufiyo ne ishwer ko sarvochch sundar mana  hai, or aisa mana  jata hai,ki  sabhi ko iski prashansa karni chahiye .

uski yaad me  khushi mehsus  karni chahiye .

or keval usi par dhyan dena chahiye  .

unhone vishwash kiya ki  ishwer  Mashuq  or Sufi  aashiq hai .

Sufivaad ne svayam ko vubhinn  "silsilo ya kramo me baant liya .

sabse adhik 4 lokpriya  varg hai - chisti ,suharavardis,kadiriyah ,or nakshbandi.

Sufivaad ne shahari or gramin  kshetro me  apna astitva jama liya ,or jansamuh par gahra saamajik ,rajnitik  or saanskratik prabhav daala .

isme har prakaar ke  dharmik oupcharikvaad  rudivaadita  ,aadamber or paakhand ke virudh awaj uthai  or  ek aise vaishvik varg ke srajan ka prayas kiya  jisne adhyatmik pavitrata hi ek matra lakshya ho.

ek aise samay jab rajnitik shaktiya sangharsh ka pagalpan ke rup me prchalit tha.

Sufi santo ne logo ko naitik badhyata ka paath padaya .

sagharsh or tannav se bikhri duniya ke liye shanti sohard ka laane ka  prayas kiya .

Sufivaad ka sabse bada yogdan ye hai ,ki apni prem ki bhavana ko viksit karke  Hindu- muslim purvagraho ke bhed mitane ko sahayata di or  in dono dharmik samudayo ke bich bhaichare ki bhavna paida ki.

dosto ye Sufivaad ke siddhant  the.

apko kaise lage jarur bataye

Bhakti andolan bhakti muvment on history in hindi

Bhakti andolan     bhakti muvment  on history in hindi -

madhya kaalin Bharat ka sanskratik Itihas  ek mahatva purn  tha .

saamajik or  dharmik sudharako  dwara saman me lai gai   moun kranti  ek aisi kranti    ,jo Bahkti abhiyan ke naam se prashidha hai.

 ye abhiyaan  Hinduo ,muslimo or sikkho  ke dwara Bahratiya riwajo ke liye  jimmedar  thi.

1)is abhiyan ka uddesh-is andholan ka  prukh uddeshya   tha murty puja ko  khatm karna  or dharmik pravatti ko badhava dena tha  .

saht hi  Hinduo ke madir me kirtan ,dargah me kavvali  or gurdvare  me gurbani  .

bhakti sagar

ye sabhi  Madhya kalin Itihas  me 800 -1700  ki krantikaari abhyaan  ke naita 

is abhiyaan ke naita or unka kaam-

shankrachary -jo ek mahan vicharak  or jaane maane  darshnik the.

sath hi chetany mahaprabhu  , naamdev ,tukaram,jaidev ne or adhik mukhrata 

pradaan ki   Bhakti andolan ke naita raamanand ne "Ram"ko bahgwan  ke rup me kendrit kiya  .unke bAre me bahut kam jankari hai.

aisa mana jata hai ki 15 shatabdi me shuru me rahe honge .

unhone mAna ki  bhagwan Ram hi sarvochch bhagwan hai.

unke liye prem or samrpan se hi  mukti mil sakti hai .

chetanya mahaprabhu -

ek  pavitra  Pavitra  Bhikshu or samaj sudharak the.

or ve  16 shatabdi ke douran bangal hue .

Bhagwan ke prati  prem bhav  rakhne ke  samarthak  Bahkti yog ke purv tak chetanya maha prabhu ne ishwer ki  aradhna  Shree Krishna ke rup me ki .

Shree ramanuj acharya -

Bharatiya darshan shastri the or  sarvadhik vaishanav sant  bataya gaya .

Ramanuj ne dakshin me vahi kiya jo Ramanand ne uttar me kiya .

unhone  rudivaadi kuvichar ki oupcharikta  ke virudh awaj uthai or prem or samarpan ki niv pr adharik vaishanav vichar dhara ke samprdai ki sthapana ki .unka sarvadhik yogdan apne  maane walo ke bich  jaati bhed bhav ko samapt karna tha.

12-13 shatabdi ko Bhakti andolan ke anuyaayi me Bhagat naamdev or sant kabeer das shamil hai.

jinhone  spni rachanao ke maadhyam se  bhagwan ki stuti ke Bahkti geeton ke par jor diya .

pratham sikkha guru or sudharak naamak ji bhi nirgun Bhakti sant the.

samaj sudhark the.

unhone sabhi jaatibhed or dharmik shatruta or ritiriwajo ka virodh kiya .

unhone ishwer ko ek rup maana or Hindu or muslim dharm ki oupcharikta ritirawajo ka virodh kiya ,guru naamak ke siddhant  sabhi logo ke liye tha.

unhone sabhi samanta ka samarthan kiya.

16-17 shatabdi  me bhi kai dharmik sudharak  ka utthan hua.

Vaishnav samprday  ke Ram ke anuyayi or krishna ke anuyayi anek chhote vargo or pantho  me bat gaye .

Ram ke anuyayi tulsidas the.

jihone saahitya karje Ramcharit maanas ki rachana ki  or krishna ke anuyayiyon 1585 a.d. me Harivansh ke adhar pr  radha vallbhi panth ki sthapna ki .

Surdas ne brij bhasha me SurSagar ki rachana ki jo Shree Krishna ke mouhak rup or Radha krishna ke prm se paripurn thi.

 is tarah se is desh me dharm ke kai sudharak hue jinhone samay samay par dharm sudhar ke kai karya kiye 

Bahamani samrajya Bahmani Empire in Hindi

Bahamani samrajya Bahmani Empire in Hindi -

 bahmani Mauslim dakkshin ke mahaan insaano ki den hai.

Bahmani samrajy

ye vo log the jinhone  sultan Mohhammad tugalq ki damankaari  neetiyon ke virudh bagawat ki thi.

1347 a.d.  me hasan abdul mujjafar al uddin  bahman shah  ne Bahmani Rajvansh  ki neev rakhi 

is rajvansh ne 175 saal tak rajya kiya .

Bahmani rajya ki seema .

Bahamani Rajya ek vishal rajvansh tha . or apni vaibhavta ki uchchai  .

uttar me krishna se lekar narmada ke kinaare tak faila tha  or Bangaal ki khadi se lekar purva paschim disha me Arab sagar tak faila hua tha.

Bahmani rajya ki rajya vyavastha -

Bahmani kabhi kabhar hi apne  hindu padosi vijay nagar pr hamla ksrta tha.

Bahmani rajya ke do  vishisth  vyktitva mehmug  gavan the.

dashak se adhik samay ke liye Aamir ull alamara ke pradhan rajya matri rahe .

unhone kai ladaaiya  ladi or anek rajyo ko haraakra ane rajya me mila liya.

andar unhone prashasan me sudhar kiya , vittiya vyavastha ko sangthit kiya , jan shiksha ko  protsaahan diya ,rajsva pranali me  sudhar kiya  ,sainao ko anushasit  kiya or bhrstachar ko khatm kiya 

charit or imaandari keke dhani the . ungone apni uchcha pratishtha ko vishesh  vyaktiya  rup se nijaam Nizaam ullmul  or unki pranli se unka nispad hua  .

iske sath hi is Bahmani samrajya patan shuru hua  .

jo uske antim raja the kali mullahki mout ke baad 1527 a.d. me samapt ho gaya iske sath hi Bahmani samrajy 5 kshetriy  swatntra bhago me bat gaya  jo ki

ahmaf nagar , bijapur  ,barar ,bidar or golkonda 

delhi samrajya ki shuruat ,delhi samrajya ka itihas

delhi samrajya ki shuruat  ,delhi samrajya ka itihas .

jaisa ki ap sabh jaante hai , Delhi samrajya me 5 mukhyatah  raj vansho ne shasan kiya  jo isme pad sakte hai 

delhi saltant

lekin isse jyada important baat ye hai ki   akhir Delhi  samrajy ki buniyaad kisne rakhi thi.

ji haa doston  hum baat karenge us maha nayak ki jisko Prathviraj chouhan kahte hai,jiske bina Bharat ka itihas  adhura hai.

doston Prathviraj chouhanaosa raja hai tha  .

jisne 17 baar Mohhammad ghory ko haraya tha.

jo ki Delhi ke raj sinhasan par baithne wala antim hindu raja hua .

inka janm 1168 me hua tha.

inke pita ka naam Someshwer chouhan tha  .

Prathiraj ek abhinna  pratibha ke maalik the.

 jnme ek anokhi baat thi.

ye shabdbhedi baan yaani kewal awaj sun kar apne tir se dudhman ko mar dete the.

Prathviraj chouhan ka rajy-

Prathviraj  ne keval 13 saal ki umra me ajmer ka rajya samhal liya tha  .

or Delhi  par inke dadaji anangpal ka shasan tha.

prarhviraj chiouhan

inhone Prathviraj ki bahaduri dekhkar Delhi ka uttradhikari  bana diya .

Prathviraj ka jivan  virta , saahas , or shouryta  ka Pratik tha.

 Prathviraj or sanyogita -

Prathviraj ko kannoj ke  raja jaichand ke putri  Sanyogita se prem tha.

lekin jaichand ki pehle se hi Prarhviraj ke sath anban thi .

prathviraj or sanyogita

isliye jai chand ne apni putri ki shadi ke liye ek svyamvar rakha .
jisme Prathviraj ko chhodkar sabhi raja ko bulaya .
jisse gussa hokar Prathviraj ne sanyogita ka apharan kar liya .
jisse dono ke bich dushmani ho gai .





lekin  alha khand ke anusar  jab alha or Prathviraj ke bich ladai hui tabPrathviraj ne jaichand ke ladke  lakhan singh ko maar diya tha.
 lekin itihas me keval sanyogita haran hi keval darz hai baaki sunne me nahi aaya   or uske alava agar alhakhand ke anusar is dushmani ko bataye to kafi lamba article ban jayega isliye alhakhand ko baad me likhenge .




 Prathviraj or mohhammad ghory-
saal 1191 me mohhamad ghory ne Bharat par hamla kiya jisko tarain ka pehla yudh bhi kahte hai.
jisme mohhamad ghoryki haar hui .
or vo badle ki aag me me jalta raha ,or lagataar 17 baar Prathviraj se harta raha .


1192 me tarain ke dusre yudh me Prathviraj ki haar hui .
or or usne Prathviraj ko maar diya 



mohhammad ghory ka pura naam shahab uddin mohhammad ghory tha.


mohhammad ghory ne 1194 me chandavar ke yudh me jaichand ko haraya tha .




uske baad Delhi ka shasan apne sainapati kutubuddin aebak ko shoupkar mohhammad ghory vaapis gajni chala gaya.

omhhammad ghory

 lekin ek baat hai jo baat prathviraj raso ke anusaar Prathviraj mout gajni me hui

or kuch itihaskar ka kahna hai ki Prathviraj ko yudh ke maidan me hi maar diya tha.


lekin sher singh rana bhi  prathviraj ki samadhi ki mitti  ganji se hi laaya tha. iska matlab ye hai ki prathviraj raso sahi hai 



kher in matbhedo se keval counfustion hi hota hai  or hume jab is baat ka yakeen ho jaye ki kya sahi hai kya galat   tab hum kisi baat par yakeen kar sakte hai .




 dosto kaisa laga ye article  jarur bataye